THE 1747 REGULATION ON THE PROHIBITION OF WEAPONS AND THE EMPIRE’S POLITICAL STRATEGY IN THE KAZAKH STEPPE

Abstract

     This article is devoted to the study of one of the key episodes in the history of relations between the Russian Empire and the Kazakh Khanate — the 1747 ban on the sale of gunpowder and firearms to the Kirgiz-Kaysacks (Kazakhs). This decree is examined not as an isolated act, but as part of Russia’s deliberate and consistent colonial strategy aimed at undermining the military potential of the steppe peoples and establishing political control over the Kazakh Steppe.

The article analyzes the political and geopolitical motives behind the introduction of this ban, including the Russian Empire’s intention to limit the influence of rival powers in the region (particularly the Dzungars and Central Asian khanates), as well as to reduce the risk of armed uprisings by the Kazakhs. Special attention is given to the role of Khan Abulkhair, a key figure who found himself caught between the interests of his own people and the growing pressure of the empire. The paper shows how his diplomatic activity and ambiguous position influenced the development of Russian-Kazakh relations.

Drawing on archival materials, imperial decrees, reports from the Orenburg Commission, and notes by Russian officers, the study traces the transformation of Russia’s policy — from protective to openly colonial. It also explores the consequences of the ban for the socio-economic development of Kazakh society, including the restriction of trade contacts, the growing dependence on Russian military garrisons, and changes in the Khanate’s military structure.

Thus, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of the early stages of the Russian Empire’s expansion into Central Asia and reveals the underlying mechanisms of political and economic subjugation of the Kazakh Steppe.