The nature of the agrarian economy of the Kazakh Khanate (second half of the XVth - first half of the XVIIIth centuries).

Abstract

 The study of the history of any society and its political organization, the state, will be completely logical and complete only if we proceed from the realities of the economic system.

The purpose of our research is the economy of the Kazakh state in the second half of the XV th - first half of the XVIII th centuries. All major events, such as the causes of war, subsequent political unions, the actions of individual khans, sultans, biys and mass processes in the lower classes of society will become understandable if you know the specifics of the economy of Kazakh society, which in a given historical period could only be of an agrarian nature.

The novelty of the research lies in the fact that since the abandonment of the formational concept in Kazakh science, this work examines historical processes from a basic, economic platform. Moreover, the author clearly demonstrates the non-livestock sectors of the economy of the Kazakh Khanate in the XV-XVIII centuries, as a factor in the stability of the state.

This study is based on the civilizational methodological concept. Uses historical-comparative, historical-systemic, historical-typological and other methods of scientific knowledge.

 In accordance with the goals and objectives of this work, the author showed scientific results.  In accordance with the objectives, he clearly proved on written, archaeological and partly ethnographic materials that the Kazakh state of the period under study was based not only on pasture animal husbandry. The Kazakh economy was based on such full-fledged industries as agriculture, crafts, trade, crafts, etc. The main conclusion of this article is that in Kazakh historical science it is necessary to change the approach to the study of Kazakh statehood and society. It is necessary to refuse to view these institutions only through nomadism. The stability of the state of the Kazakh Chinggisids was based not only on extensive livestock farming, but also on other equally important agricultural sectors of the economy, including oasis settlements and cities.

Key words: Kazakh Khanate, Kazakhs, statehood, ethnopolitical history, agrarian, khans, sultans, biys, economics, livestock.

Gratitude: This article was prepared within the framework of the project IRN BR21882223 “The Kazakh Khanate in the second half of the XV-first half of the XVIII centuries: ethnopolitical history and foreign policy” Republican state enterprise with the right of economic management “Scientific Institute for the Study of Ulus Jochi” of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic Kazakhstan.