FOREIGN POLICY OF SULTAN BEYBARIS DURING THE CRUSADES

Abstract

In the article, the authors focus on the main directions of the foreign policy of Sultan Beybarys during the period of the Crusades, including relations with Christian states founded by the crusaders, with the states of Genoa and Venice, which controlled trade routes in the Mediterranean, with the Mongols and with knightly orders, formed as a military-political force.

To compare the features of Beybarys foreign policy, the article uses a comparative-historical, cognitive, scientific-hermeneutic, synchronous method. The article defines the features and main positions of domestic and foreign historiography.

Beibarys ended the two-century era of crusades in the Middle East and marked the beginning of important changes in the system of international relations of the 13th century. The Crusades in the 13th century became an event that changed the nature of international relations in the Middle East. Therefore, Beibarys, who came to power in Egypt, first of all decided to protect the borders of his state from the Mongols and crusaders. In the 13th century, the Mongols were considered an invincible force for European states. In the Middle East, only the Mamluks could resist the Mongols. The Mamluks rarely used infantry in battle, relying mainly on cavalry. One of the main tactics of the Mamluks was to bombard the enemy with a hail of arrows. With this tactic, the Mamluks stopped the crusaders near Gaza. Beibarys was one of the commanders who destroyed the myth of the invincibility of the Mongols and liberated the Middle East from the crusaders.

Keywords: Beibarys, Mamluks, Egypt, crusades, Mongols, orders of chivalry, Genoa, Venice