Development of auxiliary craft in the Kazakhs of the Southern region

Abstract

The downstream of Syrdaria is an area of utmost development of fishing trade. In these territory people from ancient times used fishery as additional occupation. The increase in number of Russian set- tlers nad the construction of Orynbor-Tashkent railway in 1901-1904 years had great impact on fishing trade evolution in the area. People who know fishing, processing settled from banks of Volga, Astrakhan areas.The artice is dedicated to the study of fishing culture peculiarities of Aral fishmen. The materials are taken from the XIX and early XX century travelers, investigation expedition’s data. Moreover, the territorial peculiarities of fishing in Perovsk and Kazaliuezd, which are situated in Syrdaria downstream, is investigated. The tsarist government’s fisheries policy was primarily in the interests of the treasury. The abolition of the system of leasing and privatization of fishing grounds, as well as the issuance of permits for free fishing in the sea have created conditions for various groups of the population engaged in fish farming. Conflicts and disputes between the owners of large and small fish farms were regulated by the state through laws.The first ethnographic data about this area is written in military leaders and military travelers investigations. Although the military investigation of Kazakh territory proposed Russian power in the area the reconnaissance purpose includes basic data which can be used as the evidence of some Kazakh lifestyle peculiarities. The source of information of the article includes Berg, Butakov, Dobromislov works.

Key words: fish, fishing, farming,craft, trade.