THE NEWSPAPER «SARYARQA» AS A SOURCE OF THE HISTORY PROBLEMS OF THE MADRASAH SCHOOL AT THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to analyze materials on education, schools, madrasas, and teacher training published in the early twentieth-century newspaper Saryarqa as historical sources, and to reveal the content and social significance of national education policy during the Alash period. The study examines the role and place of the Saryarqa newspaper in promoting the educational and enlightenment movement within Kazakh society from a scholarly perspective.

The methodological framework of the research is based on historical-pedagogical, source studies, and content analysis methods. Newspaper materials are systematized within the context of Jadidism, traditional education, and secular educational models, while the educational views of Alash intellectuals are examined through specific published texts.

The scientific novelty of the article lies in the first comprehensive historical-pedagogical and source-based analysis of Saryarqa publications devoted to issues of schools, madrasas, and teacher training courses. The content, admission requirements, subject structure, and pedagogical objectives of teacher training courses are described on the basis of concrete documentary evidence. In addition, courses for female teachers and the idea of co-education are evaluated from a new scholarly perspective within a gender framework.

The findings demonstrate that the Saryarqa newspaper constitutes an important historical source reflecting the formation of the national education system in early twentieth-century Kazakh society. Issues raised in the newspaper - such as education in the national language, the enhancement of teachers’ social status, public financing mechanisms, and social support-underscore that Alash intellectuals regarded education as the foundation of national modernization and renewal.