The period of independence and historical consciousness

Abstract

In this article the author considers the problems of the development
of historical consciousness from the independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the present day. Conditionally separating the development of
historical consciousness into three main periods in the course of a quarter
century, it identifies several trends of development in the first decade of
independence. The first trend is the rejection of the methodology based
on the principle of the class struggle. The second trend – is the use of new
approaches based on the methodology of civilization and the third trend is
a revised historical knowledge based on the new methodology. These approaches allow the emergence of new historical knowledge, which in turn
has its influence on the further development of historical consciousness in
the second and third decades of independence.
Key words: Republic of Kazakhstan, independence, historical consciousness, class approach, the civilization approach