HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SETTLEMENTS AND GREAT MIGRATIONS OF TURKIC-SPEAKING PEOPLES AND ETHNOCULTURAL INFLUENCE IN THE EURASIAN SPACE

Abstract

This article examines the history of Turkic-speaking peoples' origin, ancient homeland, and settlement in the regional geographical space, as well as their great migrations and various reasons for migration from a historical perspective. It discusses the modern-day regions and states where these peoples now live due to historical-geographical movements spanning centuries. Through this, the article highlights the role of migration movements, which covered ancient, early medieval, and developed medieval periods, in forming Turkic-speaking peoples' dominance in the Eurasian steppes.

The main purpose of the article is to identify the ethnocultural and civilizational influence of Turkic-speaking peoples in the Eurasian space through a comprehensive study of their historical and geographical settlements and great migration processes. At the same time, a comprehensive analysis of ethnogenesis, the ancient homeland of the Turkic peoples, the causes and directions of resettlement, as well as the historical, political, social and economic consequences of migration is envisaged.

Depending on the content of the article and the tasks set, various research methods were used. For example, the article also employs historical-textual analysis methods to study historical documents, ancient texts, and records from the works of scholars from Ancient China, Europe, Russia, Turkey, the Arab world, and Central Asia. The study of migration routes and geography uses historical maps, while geographical-ecological research methods are applied to examine natural-geographical and climatic data. Furthermore, social-historical methods and other research methods are used to study the social structures, class divisions, and economic factors, including the role of nomadic livestock breeding and trade routes in facilitating migration.

As a scientific innovation of the article, the following conclusions can be noted: the history of migration of Turkic peoples was first investigated by the method of multifaceted comparative text analysis based on various sources (China, Europe, Russia, Arab and Turk); Geographical, environmental and socio-economic factors of the migration movement were considered as a single historical process; Through the parallel application of the methods of architectural anthropology and molecular genetics, the cultural and anthropological character of the Turkic peoples opened from a new side; In connection with modernity, the geopolitical and ethnocultural influence of the Turkic peoples in the Eurasian space through migration has been studied.

Depending on the scale of the study of the article, the following results were obtained: a historical and geographical map of the migration movements of Turkic peoples in antiquity and the Middle Ages is presented, indicating their connection with modern regions of distribution; the impact of migration processes on cultural exchange is determined; the contribution of Turkic peoples to the development of cultural, economic, urban and trade routes in various regions of Eurasia was determined; research results serve as the basis for a deep understanding of ethnogenesis and historical and cultural evolution of Turkic peoples.

In summary, the article also discusses how the Turkic peoples, who lived in Central Asia's vast steppes and mountains, contributed to the development of vibrant cultures in many parts of Asia, Europe, and the Middle East, thus playing a significant role in advancing human civilization. The great migrations, which were influenced by historical, political, and economic-ecological factors, greatly impacted the exchange of cultures and the formation of economies, trade, and urban life. Through this, they influenced the cultural and political landscapes of the regions they now inhabit. Through these migrations, Turkic peoples gained control of a vast geographical space in the Eurasian steppes, which now plays a crucial role in the intersection of contemporary geopolitical and geo-economic interests.