THE ROLE OF THE DOG IN THE TRADITIONAL KAZAKH SOCIETY IN THE WORKS OF FOREIGN RESEARCHERS (SECOND HALF OF THE XIX AND EARLY XX CENTURIES)

Abstract

The article analyzes the works of researchers providing information about superstitions and prohibitions related to the dog, deep roots of hunting with eagle and greyhound which have not lost their importance in the life, farming and cultural life of the Kazakh people from the ethnographic history of the Kazakh steppe in the second half of the XIX and the beginning of the XX centuries that continue to this day. The purpose and task of the research - is to study in the course of a historiographic analysis of the works of researchers that the dog, which as the first domesticated animal played an important role in the life of different nations - also in Kazakh society, as a protector of livestock, guard, in the hunting system - as a source of income and food, from a religious and mythological point of view – as a protector from evil. In the research work, the concept of “dog” is common to Turkic peoples, but there were a number of differences according to the peculiarities of the cultural and economic life of the nomadic Kazakh society, in particular, two types of dogs are common among Kazakhs, that is, “tobet” (dog) which protects livestock in nomadic life, and “tazy” (greyhound) which used in hunting were considered based on the works of A. Bram, A. Scherbak, A. Dobrosmyslov, Ya. Polferov, I. Ibrahimov, M. Masson. As well as, superstitions and rituals related to dogs in the worldview of Kazakhs were studied in the works of A. Divaev, A. Budagov, R. Karutz, S. Abramzon. Conclusion. Analyzing the works of researchers who provided information about the Kazakh dog, it was determined that dog played a significant role in the cultural, historical and economic life of the traditional Kazakh society and there were two types that were widespread in the Kazakh steppe.

Key words: Kazakhs, superstitions, dog, “zoological code”, data, historiography, totemism.