Problems of social adaptation of deported peoples during the Second World War in Kazakhstan (on the example of Chechens and Ingush)

Abstract

The article highlights the tragic fate of Chechens and Ingush, forcibly deported to Kazakhstan during the Stalin era, the course of their resettlement and placement, the difficulties they faced, as well as the Soviet policy of treating them as unreliable people. An intensive study of the shadow pages of the past history of the forced deported peoples was undertaken in the 80s and 90s of the last century. Mass repressions and forced deportations carried out by the Soviet authorities changed the conditions of normal peaceful life of many people in the USSR. Having lost their native lands and homes, faced with an alien environment, they were forced to adapt to the place of exile. Chechens and Ingush, forcibly deported from the North Caucasus during the Second World War, suffered a difficult fate. The Kazakh people, despite the difficult situation, provided assistance to representatives of nationalities who were forcibly deported, and contributed to their well-being. Representatives of nationalities expelled due to the process of political repression and deportation returned to their homeland at a time when political expulsions ended and their rights were restored. And some settled on the Kazakh land as a second homeland. Today, representatives and descendants of other nationalities, who moved and were forced to deport to the Kazakh steppes in different periods, inhabit all regions of the territory of the republic. Most of the nationalities forcibly deported during the domination of the totalitarian system, today, as citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan, contribute to the socio-economic development of the country and work in all areas.

Keywords: Soviet system, Stalinist politics, identity, deportation, Chechens, Ingush