History research of the settled culture of Saryarka in the XIII-XIV (XV) centuries

Abstract

The article highlights the history of the study of the settled culture of Saryarka in the 13th-15th centuries. The most massive type of archaeological sites of the Golden Horde are the medieval cities. Three periods can be distinguished in the study of the medieval settled culture of Saryarka.

The first period covers the second half of the XX century. Since 1946, one of the important areas of work of the Central Kazakhstan archaeological expedition, led by A.Kh. Margulan, is the study of settled culture in the country of nomads Dasht-i Kypchak. The second period of study of the medieval sedentary culture of Saryarka includes studies by the detachment of the new building expedition of the Institute of Archeology named after A.Kh. Margulan under the leadership of Zh.E. Smailov.

The third stage in the study of the medieval urban culture of Saryarka started in the modern period. Large-scale excavations of medieval cities and necropolises have been launched in Kazakhstan. Mausoleums made of baked bricks have been discovered and are being studied at almost every site in Saryarka. Glazed tiles and majolica with floral and geometric ornaments were used in the decoration of facades and tombstones. According to architectural methods, the mausoleums date back to the XIV-XV centuries. Consequently, at this time there was a rise in urban planning and the flowering of medieval culture in Kazakhstan.