Cities and Sedentary Villages of Western Kazakhstan in the Middle Ages (on the Example of the Vital Activity of the Golden Horde Settlement Of Aktobe)

Abstract

Abstract. This article explores the relationship between nomadic and sedentary agricultural cultures on the territory of Western Kazakhstan in the Golden Horde period. For a long time, the existence of cities was regarded, as an exceptional phenomenon, where the main primate was the sedentary population, and nomads acted as a kind of historical background. However, the new data highlights, that it was the nomadic culture, that was the main one, and the products of the nomadic economy were the main source of the very existence of urban life. Since the very topic of the relationship between the Steppe and the City within the framework of Russian historical science is relatively poorly studied, and also taking into account the latest achievements of domestic and world scientists, it is necessary to pay special attention to the little-known aspects of the relationship between nomadic and sedentary cultures.

Further research of the relationship between nomadic and sedentary farms is the cornerstone in understanding the problems of domestic medieval studies, and serves as a basis for the subsequent reconstruction of the system of relations between nomads and sedentary residents. For the current level of study of history, and consequently, various aspects of the functioning of settled settlements, it is necessary to attract new, including interdisciplinary methods that can help recreate the medieval historical reality.

* The research was carried out within the framework of the grant financing project of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (IRN AP09058609 "Reconstruction of the Golden Horde settlement of Aktobe Laeti: source study and historiographic aspects").