About ancient political, administrative titles: shanyuy, tarkhan,buyuruk

Abstract

The nomadic peoples and tribes of Central Asia created a political organization, the imperial confederation, which centralized their military power and kept the tribes united. At the grassroots level, the principles of tribal organization were used by the authority of local tribal leaders. The imperial over-tribal structure was supported by an exceptional monopoly on the management of foreign and military affairs. This structure had three main levels of organization. The imperial leadership belonged to the ruling tribe that founded the state. At the second level were governors (governors), appointed to control the local tribal leadership and command the regional armies. Associated with a kinship with the ruler, these imperial appointees served as key links between the central administration and the local tribal leaders. Local tribal leaders constituted the third level of organization. At the same time, the state of the nomads arose only there and only when they were forced to interact with more highly organized sedentary societies. However, herders did not “borrow” the state from their more civilized neighbors, but created their own original political system, designed to effectively adapt to larger and more socio-economically more developed neighbors. With the emergence of the Turkic Kaganate, the state of the Kyrgyz, the Uigurs in the historical arena, ancient Turkic titles and other terms began to be mentioned in significant numbers primarily in Chinese chronicles, sources in Greek, Armenian, Sogdian and Bactrian languages (last Chet. VI – 40s. VII century), And then the ancient Türkic steles and inscriptions, texts on Pahlavi, Tibetan documents and other sources (beginning of the VIII-IX centuries.). Types of social terminology (titles, ranks, positions) of the Turkic society of antiquity and the Middle Ages were strictly differentiated and performed various functions, denoting the place of a member of society in the political structure, administrative structure, his military rank, spiritual or civil dignity. Key words: Shanyuy, Tarkhan, Buyuruk, China, titles, Hunn (Huns), Syanbi, Turks