A BRIEF HISTORY OF RESEARCH AND POPULARIZATION OF STONE AGE MONUMENTS IN KAZAKHSTAN (1991–2025)

Abstract

This article analyzes the stages of studying Stone Age monuments in Kazakhstan, as well as the main directions of their scientific popularization in 1991-2025. It highlights key stages in the development of archaeology in the post-independence period, including expansion of fieldwork across different regions, introduction of interdisciplinary methods, and strengthening of international cooperation. Special attention is paid to Paleolithic sites in Southern, Central, and Eastern Kazakhstan, as well as contributions of leading archaeological schools. The work of Kazakhstani scholars in developing chronology, cultural classification, and periodization of ancient archaeological complexes is analyzed. The role of international expeditions and integration of Kazakh archaeology into global research networks is emphasized. The study concludes that archaeological research on Stone Age monuments in Kazakhstan between 1991 and 2025 became systematic and played an important role in preserving cultural heritage, advancing science, and increasing public interest in early history. It also notes that museum development, archaeological tourism routes, international conferences, and scholarly publications contributed significantly to popularization of archaeology and preservation of prehistoric sites for future generations of researchers and archaeology specialists worldwide today.