Problems of the formation of the Soviet federal model (using the example of Kyrgyz autonomy. 1920s)

Abstract

The author examines the main stages and problems of the formation of the Kyrgyz autonomy within the RSFSR in connection with the national-territorial division of Central Asia. These processes were part of the formation of the Soviet federal model. It had a complex structure due to significant differences between different regions. Along with the usual provinces and regions, a hierarchy of national republics, regions and districts was created, up to national districts and village councils. The space of the RSFSR was especially difficult to organize. The features of the status and development of the Kyrgyz autonomous region, the circumstances of the decision on its transformation into an autonomous republic are analyzed. It was discussed at the III session of the XII convocation of the Central Executive Committee, when the famous «Ryskulov’s» meeting of national workers was held on November 12 and 14, 1926. The author characterizes the specifics of the position of the leadership of the Kyrgyz JSC and the role of T.R. Ryskulov in solving key issues of the development of the Central Asian region in the context of large-scale transformations. The participants debates reflected a number of important issues of federal construction, the formation of the organizational and institutional framework of autonomies and ensuring the sustainability of governance. An important role in this was played by the interaction of the heads of the center and the autonomies.

Keywords. Kyrgyz autonomy, national-territorial division, federalism, national elite.